Regulating Private Military and Security Companies: The Content, Negotiation, Weaknesses and Promise of the Montreux Document
* Senior Associate, International Peace Institute. E-mail: james.cockayne{at}gmail.com.
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On 17 September 2008, 17 states including the United States, UK, China, France, Iraq, Afghanistan, Sierra Leone and South Africa endorsed the Montreux Document affirming the legal obligations and describing good practices for states related to operations of private military and security companies during armed conflict. This article provides an insider's view of the 3 years of negotiation of the Montreux Document, provides an overview of its provisions and their significance, and explores the relationship between its provisions and existing law and emerging business and human rights frameworks. Finally, it explores whether the Montreux Document may provide the basis for improved standards and accountability in the activities of private military and security companies.