Journal of Conflict and Security Law Advance Access originally published online on November 17, 2006
Journal of Conflict and Security Law 2006 11(3):361-369; doi:10.1093/jcsl/krl018
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The Temporal Dimension of Self-Defence: Anticipation, Pre-emption, Prevention and Immediacy
* Associate Professor Public International Law Utrecht University, Professor of Military Law University of Amsterdam and Netherlands Defence Academy. E-mail: T.Gill{at}law.uu.nl.
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This article explores the temporal dimension of the right of self-defense, in particular, the controversy relating to the possibility of responding to the potential threat of attack which has resulted from the publication by the U.S. Government of its National Security Strategy document in 2002, in which the U.S. Government claimed a right to use force to pre-empt such threats. In assessing the temporal scope of self-defense an examination is made of the dual customary-Charter nature of the right of self-defence and conclusion is drawn that both sources of law are relevant in assessing any claim to use force in advance of an armed attack on the basis of the Caroline criteria of immediacy, necessity and proportionality, which are still relevant today.